Sonoma

Sonoma is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States. It is located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Sonoma's origins date to 1823, when José Altimira established Mission San Francisco Solano. Following the Mexican secularization of the missions, famed Californio statesman Mariano G. Vallejo founded Sonoma on the former mission's lands in 1835. In 1846, American filibusters overthrew the local Mexican government and declared the California Republic, ushering in the American Conquest of California. The city is a popular tourist destination, owing to its Californian wineries, noted events like the Sonoma International Film Festival, and its historic center. The population of Sonoma was 10,739 as of the 2020 census. The Sonoma urban area had a population of 32,679 in the same year. The area was near the northeast corner of the Coast Miwok territory, with Southern Pomo to the northwest, Wappo to the northeast, Suisunes and Patwin peoples to the east. The mission, the only to be constructed not by the Spanish but by the Mexican authorities, was built as part of a larger plan Governor Luis Antonio Argüello had devised to fortify Mexican presence north of San FranciscoBay and thus deter Russian encroachment into the region. It was built against the desires of José Francisco de Paula Señan, then the President-General of the Californian missions, who disapproved of government intervention into religious matters.

History

Mission San Francisco Solano is the direct predecessor to the founding of Sonoma. The mission was built as part of a larger plan Governor Luis Antonio Argüello had devised to fortify Mexican presence north of San Francisco Bay. In 1833 the Mexican Congress passed the Mexican secularization act of 1833, effectively nationalizing all the missions and associated lands of the Catholic church in California. General Vallejo had also been instructed by Governor Figueroa to establish a pueblo at the site of the old Mission. The town council (ayuntamiento) was established in 1844 and Jacobo Leese was named first alcalde, and Cayetano Juárez second alcaldo. The Sonoma Barracks were built to house the soldiers. The Bear Flag Revolt took place on June 14, 1846, when thirty-three Americans, already in rebellion against the Alta California government, arrived in Sonoma to rally against the Mexican government. The U.S. Army Brevet Captain John C. Frémont had entered California illegally in late 1845 with his exploration and mapping expedition. The insurgents determined to seize the weapons and materiel stored in the Sonomas Barracks and deny the Californios as a rallying point. They approached the home of the filibusters' leader, who refused to negotiate terms when they presented those outside his home to negotiate. The group of 170 Mexican soldiers captured a herd of horses from San Rafael and moved by being moved from San Francisco to Alta Californio.

Geography

Sonoma has a typical lowland near-coastal Californian warm-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb) with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Normal annual precipitation is 29.43 inches (748 mm) The wettest month on record was 20.29 inches (515 mm) in January 1995. The greatest 24-hour rainfall was 6.75 inches (171 mm) on January 4, 1982. Snow has rarely fallen, but 1 inch (2.5 cm) fell in January 1907; more recently, snow flurries were observed on February 5, 1976, and in the winter of 2001. There are an average of 58.1 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher. The highest temperature on record is 116°F (47°C) on July 13, 1972, and the lowest temperature was 13 °C (11°F) on December 22, 1990. The principal watercourse in the town is Sonoma Creek, which flows in a southerly direction to discharge ultimately to the Napa Sonoma Marsh. Arroyo Seco Creek is a tributary to Schell Creek with a confluence in the eastern portion of the town. The active Rodgers Fault lies to the west of the city. Most of the soils beneath the city consist of a slight alluvial terrace underlain by strongly cemented sedimentary and volcanic rock. The mountain block to the north rises to 1,200 feet (366 m) and provides an important scenic backdrop.

Demographics

The 2010 United States Census reported that Sonoma had a population of 10,648. The average household income was $96,722. There were 5,544 housing units at an average density of 2,021.9 per square mile (780.7/km²), of which 2,928 (59.1%) were owner-occupied, and 2,027 (40.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy Rate was 7.0%. The city's population was spread out with 1,920 people (18.0%) under the age of 18, 559 people (5.2%) aged 18 to 24, 2,252 people (21.1) aged 25 to 44, 3,250 people (30.5%) aged 45 to 64, and2,667 people (25.0) who were 65 years of age or older. The median income for a household in the city was $50,505, and the median for a family was $65,600. In the Sonoma Valley, the racial makeup was 46.3% White, 49.1% Hispanic and 2.7% Native American. The city has the highest percentage of Hispanics (of any race) of any U.S. city. The population of Sonoma was 9,242 (86.8%) in 2010, and 10,411 (97.8% of the population) in 2000. The racial makeup of the city in 2000 was 93.80% White.

Government

The City of Sonoma was incorporated on September 3, 1883. It uses a councilmanager form of government, wherein a council sets policy and hires staff to implement it. The city council selects one of its members to serve as mayor. In addition to the official mayor, Sonoma has a tradition of naming an honorary mayor each year, titled "Alcalde/Alcaldesa". The Alcalde or Alcaldesa presides over ceremonial events for the city. Sonoma is in the California State Legislature, represented by Democrat Bill Dodd. In the United States House of Representatives, Sonomas is in California's 5th congressional district. As of February 10, 2019, the city has 7,162 registered voters. Of those, 3,694 are registered Democrats, 1,309 are registered Republicans, and 1,783 have declined to state a political party. The mayor of the city is a Democrat, and the city council has five members, elected to four-year terms. The current mayor is a Republican, and he was elected to a three-year term in November 2014. He was re-elected to a four- year term in January 2015. The council has a total of 5 members, three of whom are women. The Mayor is a Democratic, and one is a Hispanic, which makes the city more ethnically diverse than the rest of California. The City has a population of 7,200, with 3,700 of those registered as Democrats, and 2,000 as Republicans.

Transportation

California State Route 12 is the main route in Sonoma. The nearest airport with regularly scheduled commercial passenger service is Charles M. Schulz Sonoma County Airport, about 30 miles (50 km) northwest of town. San Francisco International Airport and Oakland International Airport are both about 60 miles (100 km) south of Sonoma, California. State routes 121 and 116 run to the south of town, connecting Sonoma Valley to Napa, Petaluma to the west, and Marin County to the east. Sonoma Transit provides bus service from Sonoma to other points in the county. VINE Transit also operates a route between Napa and Sonoma and provides a route to the city from Napa. The Sonoma River runs through the center of the city, passing through the unincorporated area of Schellville. It is also the source of the San Francisco Bay Area's famous Golden Gate Bridge, which was built in the early 20th century. The city is home to the Sonoma Winegrowers, who have been involved in the development of the area since the 1800s. The town is also home to a number of wineries, many of which are still in operation today, including Sonoma Winery and the Redwood Winery, which opened in the 1930s. It also has a winery museum, which dates back to the 18th century, which is located in the town's historic center. The Santa Rosa Wine Trail passes through the town and connects it to Santa Rosa and Napa to the north and east.

Sister cities

Sister cities are sister cities that share a common history, culture and history. Sister cities are often considered to be the sister cities of each other. The two cities are located near each other in the U.S. state of Washington, D.C. and the city of Chicago. They are also sister cities in the state of Illinois and the state capital of Chicago, Chicago.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in Sonoma, Napa County, California = 92.6. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 30. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 20. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in Sonoma = 4.9 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 10,739 individuals with a median age of 50.2 age the population grows by 5.78% in Sonoma, Napa County, California population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 4,017.49 residents per square mile of area (1,551.39/km²). There are average 2.04 people per household in the 4,678 households with an average household income of $58,754 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is of the available work force and has dropped -5.85% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 18.20%. The number of physicians in Sonoma per 100,000 population = 242.3.

Weather

The annual rainfall in Sonoma = 29.6 inches and the annual snowfall = 0 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 65. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 262. 89 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 37 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 46, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in Sonoma, Napa County, California which are owned by the occupant = 56.71%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 31 years with median home cost = $498,660 and home appreciation of -9.12%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $6.80 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $5,522 per student. There are 20.8 students for each teacher in the school, 4821 students for each Librarian and 817 students for each Counselor. 7.52% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 26.11% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 12.43% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).